Cash Waqf Management for Education: Challenges, Solutions and Strategies
In Indonesia, the potential for funding educational initiatives through the empowerment of cash waqf is considerable, with estimates reaching up to IDR 120 trillion annually. As of March 2022, cash waqf collections amounted to IDR 1.4 trillion, a notable increase from the IDR 855 billion accumulated between 2018 and 2021. Despite this growth, cash waqf collections remain far below their potential, limiting their impact on educational empowerment. While various researchers have proposed strategies to address these obstacles, there is a paucity of research on an ideal model for empowering education through cash waqf in Indonesia. This study aims to develop a model for the empowerment of cash waqf specifically for educational programs in Indonesia. The research utilizes the Analytic Network Process (ANP) methodology, aided by Super Decision software, which is a decision-making method based on priority scales. The study conducts a synthesis analysis of problems, solutions, and strategies related to this issue. The findings indicate that both internal and external challenges affect the empowerment of cash waqf in education, with management being the primary concern. Relevant strategies include waqf policy enhancement, nazhir (waqf managers) training and empowerment, strengthening educational programs, and promoting cash waqf. An investment-based model, coupled with partnerships, scholarships, and educational initiatives, offers insights into the management of cash waqf, from collection processes to empowerment within the educational sector.
Keywords : Analytic Networking process; Cash Waqf; Educational Model; Empowerment Model
- Adiguzel, F. S., & Kuran, T. (2024). Keeping while Giving: The Perpetuation of Inequalities through the Islamic Waqf. Economic Research Initiatives at Duke (ERID) Working Paper, (305). https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2826060
- Ajib, W. H. M. (2022). A Review on Cash Waqf for Education in Malaysia: Challenges and Impacts. Ihtifaz: Journal of Islamic Economics, Finance, and Banking, 5(2), 55-75. https://doi.org/10.12928/ijiefb.v5i2.5923
- Allah Pitchay, A., Mohd Thas Thaker, M. A., Mydin, A. A., Azhar, Z., & Abdul Latiff, A. R. (2018). Cooperative-waqf model: a proposal to develop idle waqf lands in Malaysia. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 10(2), 225-236. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-07-2017-0012
- Ambarwati, W. S. & Hasanuddin, M. (2022). Analisis factor-faktor yang mempengaruhi persepsi wakif tentang wakaf uang. Likuid: Jurnal Ekonomi Industri Halal, 2(1), 28-42. https://doi.org/10.15575/likuid.v2i1.15310
- Ascarya. (2005). Analytic Network Process: Pendekatan baru studi kualitatif. Jakarta: Seminar Internasional Program Magister Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi.
- Asni, F., Mohammed Noor, A., & Hasbulah, M. H. (2024). Management of cash waqf fund generation through the implementation of istibdal in Kedah. Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, 16(1), 60-86. https://doi.org/10.1108/QRFM-03-2022-0048
- Azrak, T. (2022). The roles of cash waqf in improving the economic welfare: Case study of Turkey. The Journal of Management Theory and Practice (JMTP), 3(1), 42-47. https://doi.org/10.37231/jmtp.2022.3.1.200
- Bachri, S., & Rosyadi, I. (2024). The Potential and Challenges of Waqf in Overcoming Economic Crises and Recessions. al-Afkar: Journal For Islamic Studies, 7(1), 56-78. https://doi.org/10.31943/afkarjournal.v7i1.883
- Gunawan, G., & Siahaan, A. (2021). Sources Of Education Funds In School Review From The Perspective Of The Indonesian Education Financial System. Al'Adzkiya International of Education and Sosial (AIoES) Journal, 2(2), 246-262. https://doi.org/10.55311/aioes.v2i2.180
- Haidlir, B. M., Laksmono, B. S., Kasri, R. A., Azizon, A., & Hartono, D. (2021). Public behaviour on cash waqf: Evidence from Indonesia. JEJAK: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Kebijakan, 14(2), 316-332. https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/jejak/article/view/32032
- Harahap, M. B. B. & Darwanto. (2021). Peran strategi Bandan Wakaf Indonesia (BWI) dalam meningkatkan profesinalisme nazhir kota Semarang. Tawazun: Journal of Sharia Economic Law, 4(1), 104-120. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/tawazun.v4i1.10192
- Hasan, R., Hassan, M. K., & Rashid, M. (2019). The Role of Waqf in educational development-evidence from Malaysia. Journal of Islamic Finance, 8(1), 001-007. https://doi.org/10.31436/jif.v8i1.319
- Herianingrum, S., & Widiastuti, T. (2016). The Empowerment Model of Cash Waqf to Improve Education Quality in Zakat Institutions. IJIBE (International Journal of Islamic Business Ethics), 1(1), 53-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/ijibe.1.1.53-65
- Huq, M. A., & Khan, F. (2017). The role of cash waqf in the development of Islamic higher education in Bangladesh. Journal of Islamic Economics, Banking and Finance, 13(4), 45-65. https://doi.org/10.12816/0051001
- Jatmiko, W., Haidlir, B. M., Azizon, A., Laksmono, B. S., & Kasri, R. (2024). Intergenerational analysis of cash waqf behavior: lessons learned from Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 15(4), 590-618. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-03-2022-0086
- Lahuri, S. B., & Lutfiah, A. (2024). Optimization of Cash Waqf-Based Crowdfunding: An Alternative Finance for Quality Education. Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance Studies, 5(1), 153-172. https://doi.org/10.47700/jiefes.v5i1.7918
- Madhakomala, R., Hakim, M. A., & Syifauzzuhrah, N. (2022). Problems of education in Indonesia and alternative solutions. International Journal of Business, Law, and Education, 3(2), 135-144. https://doi.org/10.56442/ijble.v3i3.64
- Mohd Thas Thaker, M. A., Amin, M. F., Mohd Thas Thaker, H., Khaliq, A., & Allah Pitchay, A. (2021). Cash waqf model for micro enterprises’ human capital development. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 13(1), 66-83. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-08-2018-0091
- Nofianti, L., Mukhlisin, M., & Irfan, A. (2024). Cash waqf innovation in Islamic financial institutions and its governance issues, case studies: Indonesia, Malaysia, Türkiye. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-12-2023-0420
- Nour Aldeen, K., Ratih, I. S., & Sari Pertiwi, R. (2022). Cash waqf from the millennials' perspective: a case of Indonesia. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 14(1), 20-37. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-10-2020-0223
- Özdemir, M. & Sagir, M. (2021). Application of the ANP in the interview phase of air traffic controller candidate selection process. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, 93(10), 1616-1623. https://doi.org/10.1108/AEAT-08-2020-0166
- Qurrata, V. A., Yusida, E., Hussain, N. E., Merlinda, S., Purnamasari, V., & Seprillina, L. (2021). Effectiveness of cash waqf management in improving community welfare: Challenges and opportunities. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, 10, 342-359. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2488267411?sourcetype=Scholarly%20Journals
- Rafita, D. R., Bella, Y. V., & Sugeng, A. (2023). Analysis of Cash Waqf Management in Indonesia and Malaysia: A Literature Highlight. Journal of Contemporary Applied Islamic Philanthropy, 1(1), 21-28. https://doi.org/10.62265/jcaip.v1i1.15
- Rahmalan, M. T., & Hussin, M. F. A. (2021). A Systematic Review of Contemporary and Innovative Waqf Sources: Cash and Service Waqf. Jurnal Syariah, 29(2), 257-284. https://doi.org/10.22452/js.vol29no2.5
- Raja Adnan, R. A. B., Abdul Mutalib, M., & Ab Aziz, M. R. (2022). Factors necessary for effective corporate waqf management for Malaysian public healthcare. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 14(1), 73-88. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-11-2019-0178
- Rusdiman, A. B., Sitanggang, N., & Lubis, M. J. (2023). Problems Of Higher Education, Curriculum and Education In Indonesia. International Journal Of Humanities Education and Social Sciences, 2(4), 1124-1132. https://doi.org/10.55227/ijhess.v2i4.344
- Rusydiana, A. S., Hidayat, Y., Widiastuti, T., & Rahayu, S. S. (2021). Cash waqf for developing Islamic economy: Case study in Indonesia. Al-Uqud: Journal of Islamic Economics, 5(1), 43-59. https://doi.org/10.26740/al-uqud.v5n1.p43-59
- Saiti, B., Salad, A. J., & Bulut, M. (2019). The role of cash waqf in poverty reduction: a multi-country case study. Management of Shari’ah compliant businesses: Case studies on creation of sustainable value, 21-34. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10907-3_3
- Seprillina, L., Qurrata, V. A., Narmaditya, B. S., & Hussain, N. E. B. (2020). The effectiveness productive waqf as a social welfare development through community empowering: A case in Islamic Hospital Foundation Malang. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, 9, 67-74. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2386936534?sourcetype=Scholarly%20Journals
- Sulistyowati, Sukmana, R., Ratnasari, R.T., Ascarya & Widiastuti, T. (2022). Issues and challenges of waqf in providing healthcare resources. Islamic Economic Studies, 30(1), 2-22. https://doi.org/10.1108/IES-09-2021-0034
- Usman, M., & Ab Rahman, A. (2023). Funding higher education through waqf: a lesson from Malaysia. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 39(1), 107-125. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-12-2021-0217
- Waluyo, B. (2018). Balancing financial autonomy and control in agencification: Issues emerging from the Indonesian higher education. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 31(7), 794-810. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-10-2017-0272