Exploring Gamification Strategy for Developing MSMEs during the COVID-19 Pandemic
How to cite (SHIRKAH) :
The COVID-19 pandemic brought about employees to be less enthusiastic due to the declining competitiveness and switching systems from offline to online. This study closely scrutinized how gamification strategies assume a part in entrepreneurial behavior on attitudes, subjective norms and behavioral control, and entrepreneurial education through self-efficacy, experience, and program involvement. Purposive sampling was utilized to choose a sample of 442 informants for this qualitative study. The review was carried out through a literature study and reinforced by in-depth interviews. The data was coded using the Nvivo 12 application with word similarity analysis at a maximum percentage of 100%. Based on the results of word similarity, there was a similarity in the relationship related to cluster analysis which classified the mutually supportive roles among variables as a business strategy during the pandemic. Overall, the application of gamification displays an impact on motivation, behavior change, and psychological effects on entrepreneurial behavior and education. The research contribution is utilized to address issues in the role of the organization as a solution to the relationship between gamification strategies and employee performance. The application of gamification strategies plays a role in opening fascinating exploration in the future. Further studies are expected to discuss pertaining business strategies in dealing with unexpected moments such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Aguiar-Castillo, L., Clavijo-Rodriguez, A., Hernández-López, L., De Saa-Pérez, P., & Pérez-Jiménez, R. (2020). Gamification and deep learning approaches in higher education. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism Education, 29, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2020.100290
Antonaci, A., Dagnino, F. M., Ott, M., Bellotti, F., Berta, R., De Gloria, A., Lavagnino, E., Romero, M., Usart, M., & Mayer, I. (2015). A gamified collaborative course in entrepreneurship: Focus on objectives and tools. Computers in Human Behavior, 51, 1276–1283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.11.082
Fahriyah, A., & Yoseph, R. (2020). Keunggulan Kompetitif Spesial sebagai Strategi Keberlanjutan UKM di Era New Normal. Prosiding Seminar STIAMI, 7(2), 104-110.
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2020). Keadaan Ketenagakerjaan Indonesia Februari 2020. Berita Resmi Statistik. https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2020/06/19/
Barata, G., Gama, S., Jorge, J., & Gonçalves, D. (2017). Studying student differentiation in gamified education: A long-term study. Computers in Human Behavior, 71, 550–585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.08.049
Barber C. S. and K. Smutzer. (2017). Leveling for Success: Gamification in IS Education. Proc. 23rd Am. Conf. Inf. Syst, pp 1–10.
Connie S. Barber. (2018). Book Review: 3D Game Lab: Rezzly Heroic Learning. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 17(1), 112–115. https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2017.0419
Denny, P. (2013). The effect of virtual achievements on student engagement. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings, pp 763–772. https://doi.org/10.1145/2470654.2470763
Deterding, S. (2011). Situated motivational affordances of game elements: A conceptual model. CHI 2011 Workshop “Gamification,†3–6. http://gamification-research.org/chi2011/papers
Deterding, S. D Dixon, R Khaled, L. N. (2011). From game design elements to gamefulness: defining" gamification". Proceedings of the 15th International Academic MindTrek Conference: Envisioning Future Media Environments, MindTrek 2011, pp 9–15.
Dichev, C., & Dicheva, D. (2017). Gamifying education: what is known, what is believed and what remains uncertain: a critical review. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 14(9), 1-36. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-017-0042-5
DomÃnguez, A., Saenz-De-Navarrete, J., De-Marcos, L., Fernández-Sanz, L., Pagés, C., & MartÃnez-Herráiz, J. J. (2013). Gamifying learning experiences: Practical implications and outcomes. Computers and Education, 63, 380–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.12.020
Entrialgo, M., & Iglesias, V. (2016). The moderating role of entrepreneurship education on the antecedents of entrepreneurial intention. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 12(4), 1209–1232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-016-0389-4
Fathian, M., Sharifi, H., Nasirzadeh, E., Dyer, R., & Elsayed, O. (2021). Towards a comprehensive methodology for applying enterprise gamification. Decision Science Letters, 10(3), 277–290. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.dsl.2021.3.002
Fernández-Pérez, V., Montes-Merino, A., RodrÃguez-Ariza, L., & Galicia, P. E. A. (2019). Emotional competencies and cognitive antecedents in shaping student’s entrepreneurial intention: the moderating role of entrepreneurship education. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 15(1), 281–305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-017-0438-7
Fretschner, M., & Weber, S. (2013). Measuring and understanding the effects of entrepreneurial awareness education. Journal of Small Business Management, 51(3), 410–428. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12019
Gears, D., & Braun, K. (2013). Gamification in Business : Designing Motivating Solutions to Problem Situations. Proceding of Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp 5-12.
Gimenez-Fernandez, E., Abril, C., Breuer, H., & Gudiksen, S. (2021). Gamification approaches for open innovation implementation: A conceptual framework. Creativity and Innovation Management, 30(3), 455–474. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12452
Hamari, J., Koivisto, J., & Sarsa, H. (2014). Does gamification work? - A literature review of empirical studies on gamification. Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 3025–3034. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2014.377
Hendrawan, A., Yulianeu, A., Sucahyawati, H., & Indriyani, I. (2018). Pengembangan Kompetensi UMKM Dengan Pembelajaran Organisasi. INOBIS: Jurnal Inovasi Bisnis Dan Manajemen Indonesia, 1(4), 489–496. https://doi.org/10.31842/jurnal-inobis.v1i4.53
Hilal, S. Alabri. (2013). Using NVivo for data analysis in qualitative research. International interdisciplinary journal of education, 2(2), 181-186
Huotari, K. and Hamari, J. (2012). Defining gamification: a service marketing perspective. Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction 2012, pp 227–231.
Huotari, K. and Hamari, J. (2017). A definition for gamification: anchoring gamification in the service marketing literature. Electronic Markets. 27(1), 21-31.
Isabelle, D. A. (2020). Gamification of Entrepreneurship Education. Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education, 18(2), 203–223. https://doi.org/10.1111/dsji.12203
McGonigal, J. (2011). Reality Is Broken: Why Games Make Us Better and How They Can Change the World. The penguin press.
Kalafato, Y. (2020). Gamification in Business : A Review of the Studies. Eurasian Studies in Business and Economics, 14(2), 53-73. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52294-0_4
Kevin Werbach, D. H. (2012). For the Win: How Game Thinking Can Revolutionize Your Business. Wharton School Press.
Konakli, T. (2015). Effects of self-efficacy on social entrepreneurship in education: A correlational research. Research in Education, 94(1), 30–43. https://doi.org/10.7227/RIE.0019
Korn, O., & Schmidt, A. (2015). Gamification of Business Processes: Re-designing Work in Production and Service Industry. Procedia Manufacturing, 3(AHFE), 3424–3431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.616
Kristensson, P., Wästlund, E., & Söderlund, M. (2017). Influencing consumers to choose environment friendly offerings: Evidence from field experiments. Journal of Business Research, 76(1), 89–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.03.003
Kristina N. Bauer, C. G.-M. and D. A. G. (2020). Teaching with games and gamification: best practices and future research needs. Research Handbooks in Business and Management series. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781789901658.00041
Kuratko, D. F., & Morris, M. H. (2018). Examining the Future Trajectory of Entrepreneurship. Journal of Small Business Management, 56(1), 11–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12364
Lai, C. H., Lin, Y. C., Jong, B. S., & Hsia, Y. T. (2014). Adding social elements to game-based learning. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 9(3), 12–15. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v9i3.3294
Larivière, B., Bowen, D., Andreassen, T. W., Kunz, W., Sirianni, N. J., Voss, C., Wünderlich, N. V., & De Keyser, A. (2017). “Service Encounter 2.0â€: An investigation into the roles of technology, employees and customers. Journal of Business Research, 79, 238–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.03.008
Laski, E. V., & Siegler, R. S. (2014). Learning from number board games: You learn what you encode. Developmental Psychology, 50(3), 853–864. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034321
Liñán, F., & Fayolle, A. (2015). A systematic literature review on entrepreneurial intentions: citation, thematic analyses, and research agenda. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 11(4), 907–933. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-015-0356-5
MaÄiuliene, M., & Skaržauskiene, A. (2016). Emergence of collective intelligence in online communities. Journal of Business Research, 69(5), 1718–1724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.10.044
Marda, M. (2020). Enhancing Deeper Learning Using Empathy and Creativity in Role-playing Serious Games (Doctoral dissertation, University of Westminster).
Mwasalwiba, E. (2010). Entrepreneurship education: a review of its objectives, teaching methods, and impact indicators. Education Training,52(1), 20-47.
Nacke, L. E., & Deterding, S. (2017). The maturing of gamification research. Computers in Human Behavior, 71, 450–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.062
Nurdiani, N. (2014). Teknik Sampling Snowball dalam Penelitian Lapangan. ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications, 5(2), 1110-1118. https://doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v5i2.2427
Parra-González, M. E., López-Belmonte, J., Segura-Robles, A., & Moreno-Guerrero, A.-J. (2021). Gamification and flipped learning and their influence on aspects related to the teaching-learning process. Heliyon, 7(2), e06254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06254
Plass, J. L., O’Keefe, P. A., Homer, B. D., Case, J., Hayward, E. O., Stein, M., & Perlin, K. (2013). The impact of individual, competitive, and collaborative mathematics game play on learning, performance, and motivation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 105(4), 1050–1066. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032688
Poole, S., Kemp, E., Patterson, L., & Williams, K. (2014). Get Your Head in the Game: Using Gamification to Connect with Generation Y in the Classroom. Journal for Excellence in Business Education, 3(2), 274–279. http://repository.usfca.edu/ml
Rauch, A., & W Hulsink. (2015). Putting entrepreneurship education where the intention to act lies: An investigation into the impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial behavior. Academic of Management Learning & Education, 14(2), 187–204.
Robson, K., Plangger, K., Kietzmann, J. H., McCarthy, I., & Pitt, L. (2016). Game on: Engaging customers and employees through gamification. Business Horizons, 59(1), 29–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2015.08.002
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations: Classic Definitions and New Directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(1), 54–67. https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1999.1020
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2020). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self-determination theory perspective: Definitions, theory, practices, and future directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 61, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101860
Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., & Rochestu. (2014). Overview of Self-Determination Theory: An Organismic Dialectical Perspective. Handbok of Self-Determination, 1–33. http://www.elaborer.org
Sailer, M., & Homner, L. (2020). The Gamification of Learning: a Meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 32(1), 77–112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-019-09498-w
Saputra, A. D. & Rahmatia. A. (2021). Gamification Model as a Business Strategy for MSMEs in Indonesia. Journal of Accounting and Strategic Finance, 4(1), 91–107. http://jasf.upnjatim.ac.id/index.php/jasf/article/view/162
Seaborn, K., & Fels, D. I. (2015). Gamification in theory and action: A survey. International Journal of Human Computer Studies, 74, 14–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2014.09.006
Sholikhah, A. (2016). Statistik Deskriptif Dalam Penelitian Kualitatif. KOMUNIKA: Jurnal Dakwah Dan Komunikasi, 10(2), 342–362. https://doi.org/10.24090/komunika.v10i2.953
Storbacka, K., Brodie, R. J., Böhmann, T., Maglio, P. P., & Nenonen, S. (2016). Actor engagement as a microfoundation for value co-creation. Journal of Business Research, 69(8), 3008–3017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.02.034
Vesa, M., Hamari, J., Harviainen, J.T. and Warmelink, H. (2017). Computer games and organization studies. Organization Studies, 38(2), 273-284.
Vinichenko, M. V., Melnichuk, A. V., Kirillov, A. V., Makushkin, S. A., & Melnichuk, Y. A. (2016). Modern views on the gamification of business. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 21(S3), 12-19.
Wünderlich, N. V., Gustafsson, A., Hamari, J., Parvinen, P., & Haff, A. (2020). The great game of business: Advancing knowledge on gamification in business contexts. Journal of Business Research, 106, 273–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.10.062
Copyright
Copyright aims to protect the specific way the article has been written to describe an experiment and the results. Shirkah: Journal of Economics and Business is committed to its authors to protect and defend their work and their reputation and takes allegations of infringement, plagiarism, ethical disputes, and fraud very seriously. Automotive Experiences is published under the terms of the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication (online and print) with the work simultaneously. We use the restrictive license (non-commercial) as follows:
BY (attribution): Users are allowed to share, distribute and redistribute the published article in any medium or format, with an identification of the authors and its initial publication in this journal. Authors are encouraged to post and distribute their articles immediately after publication (e.g., institutional or public repositories, personal websites). Authors are allowed to enter into additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the published and an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
NC (non-commercial): Users are not allowed to use the article commercially without the permission of the authors. Authors agree explicitly that the published article is indexed worldwide in databases, repositories and indexation services, even if these services operate on a commercial basis. Authors grant Shirkah: Journal of Economics and Business explicit the right to include the published articles in databases, repositories and indexation services. License
License to Publish
The non-commercial use of the article will be governed by the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). The author hereby grants Shirkah: Journal of Economics and Business an exclusive publishing and distribution license in the manuscript include tables, illustrations or other material submitted for publication as part of the manuscript (the “Articleâ€) in print, electronic and all other media (whether now known or later developed), in any form, in all languages, throughout the world, for the full term of copyright, and the right to license others to do the same, effective when the article is accepted for publication. This license includes the right to enforce the rights granted hereunder against third parties.
Author's Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author/s, has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author(s).
User Rights
Under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, the author(s) and users are free to share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material). Users must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made.
Rights of Authors
Authors retain the following rights:
- Copyright, and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
- The right to use the substance of the article in future own works, including lectures and books,
- The right to reproduce the article for own purposes, provided the copies are not offered for sale, and
- The right to self-archive the article.
Co-Authorship
If the article was prepared jointly with other authors, the signatory of this form warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to sign this agreement on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this agreement.
Royalties
This agreement entitles the author to no royalties or other fees. To such extent as legally permissible, the author waives his or her right to collect royalties relative to the article in respect of any use of the article by Shirkah: Journal of Economics and Business or its sublicensee.
Miscellaneous
Shirkah: Journal of Economics and Business will publish the article (or have it published) in the Journal if the article’s editorial process is successfully completed and Shirkah: Journal of Economics and Business or its sublicensee has become obligated to have the article published. Shirkah: Journal of Economics and Business may conform the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization, and usage that it deems appropriate.